. Fatty acids can be desaturated
endogenously up to the Δ9 position due to lack of certain
enzymes in humans. For this reason LA and ALA must
be taken from the diet and are termed essential

Dietary FA (in the
form of TAG) are a major source of energy and determine
the fatty acid composition of cell membranes and tissues.

Saturated FA have been connected to adverse
health effects, whereas unsaturated FA are thought to be
more beneficial for human health. Specifically MFA and
n-3 PUFA are characteristic for their protective role, as
opposed to n-6 PUFA, with a special focus on LC n-3
PUFA (EPA, and DHA).

ABBREVIATIONS
AA, Arachidonic acid;

AI, Atherogenic index;
ALA, α-Linolenic acid;

CE, Cholesteryl ester/s;

CHD,Coronary heart disease;

CLA, Conjugated linoleic　acid;

CN, Carbon number;

DHA, Docosahexaenoic　acid;

DHGLA, Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid;

DG,Diacylglycerol/s;

DPA, Docosapentaenoic acid;

EFA,Essential fatty acid/s;

EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid;
FA, Fatty acid/s;

GLA, γ-Linolenic acid;

HDL, Highdensity lipoprotein;

IP3 Inositoltriphosphate;

LA,Linoleic acid;

LCAT, Lecithin:cholesterol acyltrans
erase;

LCFA, Long chain fatty acid/s;

LDL, Lowdensity lipoprotein;

LPC, Lysophosphatidylcholine/
Lysolecithin;

LPE, Lysophosphatidylethanolamine;
MCFA, Medium chain fatty acid/s;

MCT, Medium chain
triacyglycerol/s;

MFA, Monounsaturated fatty acid/s;

MG,
Monoacylglycerol/s;

NEFA, Non-esterified fatty acid/s;
PC, Phosphatidylcholine;

PE, Phosphatidylethanolamine;
PI, Phosphatidylinositol;

PL, Phospholipid/s;

PPAR,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/s;

PS,
Phosphatidylserine;

PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid/s;
REE, Resting energy expenditure;

RONS, Reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species;

SCFA, Short chain fatty acid/s;

SFA,
Saturated fatty acid/s;

SM, Sphingomyelin;

SREBP, Sterol
response element binding protein;

TAG, Triacylglycerol/s;
TEI, Total energy intake;

TI, Thrombogenic index;

UCP,
Uncoupling protein;

VLCFA, Very long chain fatty acid/s;
VLDL, Very low density lipoprotein